Many religions contain a body of law - for example, Halakha in Judaism, Sharia in Islam, and various forms of Canon law for different denominations of Christians. In some cases these are intended purely as iividual moral guidance, wheeas in other cases they ared and may be used as the ba a countrych as Iran, the religious code of Islam is integral to the country's legal system. In this case, civic law is the religious law (or ased closely upon it). Some ctries, where the state exists as a vehicle for a religion-based culture, nown as theocracies, and historicallyten run by priests or the king (or god-king) as an earthly personification of the religion itself. In countries such as the Uniteltural background strongly influential in the formation of a codes, Halakha, followed by Orthodox and Conservative Jews (in substantially different forms) deals with both ecclesiastical relations as well as civil law. However unlike Sharia which is used as a a national legal code, there is currently no country that is fully governed by Halakh On a smaller level there are still regions of the world that practice variations of Christian Canon law usedhe Catholic Church, the Eass almost solely with ecclesiasticelations, unlike Sharia, which relates also to civil law (like property rights, contracts, partnerships and covering damages) and administrative law.
Separately from national law, individuals who practice a particular religion may agree with others to have their cases heard by religious courts to which they mutually agree to submit. These are volu have no judicial enforcement power, none the less (for example) two religious Jews may decide o have their dispute heard by a Jewish court and be bound by its rulings, as a matter of personal belieflar arrangements may hold for Islam and other religions. In such cases there may be agreed recourse to the civic courts, or it may be agreed to be foregonelic law, in a general sense, is the law in a ven legal system that concerns the legal organisation of theetween the government and private persons within the jurisdiction of the country. The state can bring actions against people or organisatfor criminal acts, as well as breach of regulatory laws. Public law can be divided into four sub-categories; Administrative, Constitutional, Criminal and Military law.
